The mark framework less the possibility of recall and you may alternatives biases, additionally the higher rate away from storage shorter bias on account of an effective losses to check out-right up. Diet plan is analyzed multiple times through the go after-upwards, and therefore grabbed into consideration changes in food routines and shorter dimension error; although not, some error try inevitable. Regardless if shots had been mind-reported, study medical professionals, without knowing the latest notice-claimed risk grounds status from members, examined participants’ scientific details to ensure the new coronary arrest diagnosis and categorize the brand new coronary arrest kind of. Yet not, just like the twenty-four% of women that have coronary arrest about NHS I and thirty two% regarding the NHS II didn’t provide permission to review its scientific records, we had been struggling to identify the shots once the ischemic otherwise hemorrhagic; thus, the new variety of coronary attack versions have been faster. However, the enormous number of members and a lot of time time of realize-up considering sufficient ability to discover medically related differences Over 50 dating site in risks out of full coronary arrest and you will stroke brands. At the same time, the upgraded meta-analyses provided assistance in regards to our findings on fat reduction consumption off magnesium, potassium, and you may calcium supplements and you can chance of full heart attack. A major maximum of the latest analysis was the inability to help you independent new independent outcomes of the 3 minerals which have far confidence by highest correlations among them. Including, because research society predominantly consisted of Caucasian females ( 12), the outcome of your own most recent investigation is almost certainly not generalizable to people or ethnically diverse communities.
To conclude, is a result of such dos highest possible studies promote good research so you can support an enthusiastic inverse association between mutual intakes away from magnesium, potassium, and you will calcium supplements of dieting and stroke chance. The latest separate part of each nutrient on the reduced total of coronary attack exposure is difficult to define. Additionally, the result of those nutritional elements for the risk of coronary attack independent from food source is hard so you’re able to identify. This study supporting counsel of your own Fat loss Answers to Stop Blood pressure levels, Optimal Macronutrient Intake Demonstration to end Heart disease, and you can Mediterranean dieting, and therefore render high slimming down intake of them nutritional elements.
The fresh new authors’ requirements was basically the following-SNA: did analytical analyses and you will typed the fresh manuscript; DS, WCW, and you will KMR: offered crucial feedback of the manuscript; as well as authors: understand and you can acknowledged the past manuscript. Nothing of your own people advertised a dispute of great interest associated with the research.
FOOTNOTES
Backed by the newest NIH (gives UM1CA176726, UM1CA186107, D43TW009106, HL34594, CA87969, and you may HL088521) while the Bernard Lown Heart problems Program (to SNA).
Steps
Information was obtained on potential confounding factors, including medical history, other aspects of dietary intake, and lifestyle behaviors that could be associated with intake of these minerals and risk of stroke. These variables were updated biennially and included cigarette smoking (never, past, or current), physical activity (<3, 3 to <9, 9 to <18, 18 to <27, or ?27 metabolic equivalent tasks per week), menopausal status (premenopausal or postmenopausal), postmenopausal hormone therapy use (never, past, or current), parental history of early myocardial infarction (before age 60 y), multivitamin use (yes or no), thiazide use (yes or no), aspirin use at least 2 times/wk (yes or no), and history of hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia (yes or no). Height and weight were self-reported at baseline, and weight was updated from follow-up questionnaire responses. BMI (in kg/m 2 ) was calculated as weight divided by height squared. BMI was divided into 3 categories (i.e., <25, 25 to <30, and ?30). Quintiles were calculated for total energy intake (kcal), and we used alcohol consumption categories of 0, 0 to <5, 5 to <10, 10 to <15, and ?15 g/d.
Age-standard properties from 86,149 women in the NHS We within the 1994 and you can 94,715 women in the fresh new NHS II for the 1995 by quintiles out-of magnesium, potassium, and calcium supplements intakes 1
Pooled RRs (95% CIs) away from complete, ischemic, and you can hemorrhagic shots from the quintiles out-of complete and fat reduction potassium intake in the 86,149 women in the fresh NHS I and you may 94,715 ladies in the newest NHS II step one
Because of the relatively high degree of relationship anywhere between these types of minerals, we including looked at a blended magnesium, potassium, and you will calcium supplements diet get ( Table 5). To have evaluation of women from the high which have lower quintiles from combined magnesium, potassium, and you can calcium supplements eating plan score, brand new pooled multivariate RR for full coronary attack try 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.91; P-pattern = 0.003). Conclusions was indeed comparable having ischemic although not hemorrhagic coronary attack.
Talk
The new family relations anywhere between consumption away from magnesium, potassium, and calcium supplements and you can threat of stroke shown in today’s investigation is much like new relation anywhere between intake ones nutritional elements and you may chance of IHD. For the possible degree, fat loss consumption out-of magnesium and you can potassium had been inversely of exposure of IHD ( 46, 47), however, there is certainly no relatives having calcium supplements intake and you can risk of IHD in women ( 48). Also, consumption of magnesium and you can calcium but not potassium have been with the straight down chance of CVD death in some ( 24, 46, 49) although not all ( 50) education.