Brand new comprehension of adult closeness is based on the brand new pioneering performs from John Bowlby (1907-1990) and Mary Ainsworth (1913-1999). John Bowlby try an united kingdom psychologist, doctor, and psychoanalyst whom began studying youth connection so you’re able to adult rates into the the 1950s, and you can ental psychologist whom lengthened toward Bowlbys operate in the fresh 1960s and you will seventies of the performing extensive observational education with the characteristics of baby attachments. It absolutely was Ainsworths medical examination of kid-mother or father separations one triggered new certified skills and articulation of progressive attachment theory.
In recent years, adult connection principle have achieved significant ground inside prominent mindset since the a build to know how somebody perceive and address closeness during the personal relationship
In the 1969, Ainsworth penned the original outcome of this new Strange Situation Process (SSP), a method she built to level mom-child accessories which is nonetheless used now. In the “uncommon problem,” kids in addition to their moms and dads was basically lead towards a research environment and you may methodically separated of and you can reunited with one another. According to the decisions of kids responding so you’re able to break up and you can reunion using their parental numbers, Ainsworth known three chief attachment appearances in children: safe, stressed (insecure), and you may avoidant (insecure). Safe college students (on 60% of society) turned disappointed in the event that father or mother kept the space, but was indeed confident and you may comforted when the father or mother came back; stressed people (in the 20% of the inhabitants) began new try for the a troubled state, turned extremely disappointed abreast of break up, together with a difficult time are soothed and exhibited resentment abreast of getting reunited for the mother or father; and you will avoidant youngsters (regarding the 20% of the population) didnt come distressed of the break up and you may stopped contact with the latest mother or father up on reunion.
Given that matchmaking vary in the wild, it share of many parallels first off, a keen evolutionary argument into necessity of connection to own endurance. On technology from mature accessory, five fundamental attachment looks was in fact identified:
Charlene Hazan and Peter Razor (1987) started initially to talk about the newest technology off connection during the personal dating, postulating that center beliefs away from connection concept pertain not merely so you can son-caregiver dating however, to adult dating too
- Secure: Exhibited because of the possessing an optimistic view of self and you will an optimistic view of others. Individuals with it attachment concept normally have confident value on their own, their people, as well as their relationship. Hazan and you may Shavers section in order to define which attachment build is “I have found it not too difficult to locate alongside other people and you will in the morning safe depending on them and achieving him or her rely on me. I don’t care about being quit or just around individuals providing too alongside me.”
- Insecure:Anxious-Preoccupied. Demonstrated from the possessing an awful look at notice and you may a confident view of others. Those with an anxious connection layout normally have straight down worry about-really worth, is obsessed that have attachment, and you will look for large amounts of intimacy, affirmation, and you will responsiveness off their people. Hazan and you may Shavers paragraph to help you define this accessory design is actually “I have found you to definitely other people is reluctant to get as close due to the fact I want. I will care and attention that my wife does not like me personally or would not need to stick with myself. I do want to rating extremely next to my partner, hence either frightens individuals aside.”
- Insecure:Dismissive-Avoidant. Presented by the possessing a confident look at worry about and a terrible view of others. While you are people with so it accessory design (and all sorts of accessory styles, for that matter) carry out want closeness, they set high characteristics towards independence, self-sufficiency, kostenloses christliches Dating and area, and appear to stop connection altogether. Statements characterizing which accessory style become “Individuals need continuously off me personally,” “I love to not count on others or features others depend towards the myself,” and you will “I will be comfortable in place of personal matchmaking.”