Most D. recens females remate within a few days and use the sperm of multiple males to sire their offspring. We found that the proportion of females that produced both wild-type and dark-eyed offspring, indicative of multiple mating, increased with the number of days the flies were held together ( ? 5 2 = 27 , p < 0.0001), and that this was owing to a lower number of multiply mated females in the 1-day treatment (? 2 = 20, p < 0.0001; figure 3; electronic supplementary material, figure S7). Whether the wild-type eyed males in the cage were ST or SR did not affect this pattern ( ? 6 2 = 10 , p = 0.13). Using the occurrence of mixed broods is a conservative estimate of remating rate, as we cannot detect when females mate with males of the same eye colour genotype or mate twice but do not use the sperm of both malesbining SR and ST cages within each day, when flies are kept together for 24 h, 20% of females produced mixed broods, indicating they mated with both dark and wild-type males. This suggests that about 40% of females mated at least twice within 24 h, because we only detected half of the broods produced from double matings (95% CI 0.32–0.47). 66% mated at least twice) and increased to approximately 50% after 3 days, suggesting that all of the females had mated twice (figure 3).
In the event the a lady mates double and each mating has been a beneficial haphazard male, 50 % of enough time she’d be anticipated to lover with one another black and you will insane-particular people (and you will 1 / 2 of the full time she would companion with a couple insane-type of otherwise a few black-eyed guys)
Figure step 3. Paternity analyses on spunk battle crate test mean girls companion proliferate. Found ‘s the fraction of females you to produced one another black and you may wild-types of little ones, demonstrating that they had mated that have each other form of people, split up from the level of months the newest flies were held with her as well as https://datingranking.net/women-looking-for-men/ the men examiner genotype (SR otherwise ST). The newest mistake pubs indicate the newest 95% binomial believe interval. (Online variation within the along with.)
These types of study also provide information about how women play with spunk. In the event that female one to partner more than double use the cum out-of the individuals guys just as, upcoming very or every people is to in the course of time sire combined broods. The reason being when a lady mates multiply and you may uses brand new spunk of all the off this lady mates similarly, the possibility one to she produces kids sired of the letter people out-of the same variety of = (1/2) (n?1) , in which letter ‘s the level of matings. Significantly, so it number rapidly refuses to help you no due to the fact n becomes higher. But not, we note that the fresh new volume of females promoting combined broods accounts from to 50% (figure step 3). This means that your energetic quantity of mates such female is letter = 2 which lady just use this new jizz of your last a few guys they mated having.
The brand new proportion of females that lead combined broods risen up to 33% immediately after two days (approx
We find that in conditions of sperm competition, SR males sire fewer offspring than ST males. In cages where flies were kept together for 2, 3, 4 or 6 days, ST males sired a greater proportion of the offspring than SR males (each p < 0.05; figure 4). The fraction of offspring by SR versus ST males did not differ significantly in cages where flies were kept together for 1 or 10 days (each p > 0.05). In the cages where the flies were kept together for 1 day, the dark males sired more offspring regardless of the SR status of the tester wild-type males (figure 4); it is unclear why this is because our mating experiments described above found no preference of dark females for dark males. This effect goes away after day 1, where all of the cages with ST tester males have approximately 50% wild-type offspring, as expected if there was no preference for male eye colour.