Regardless of if all the K-pop fandom is targeted at men idols, it report focuses mainly on sexual objectification, lookism, and you can sexism within the lady idols’ musical and the prospective affect fans’ (mainly younger women) gender perceptions
It is vital to analysis this particular part of K-pop because it is more problematic with regards to the latest dark truth regarding intercourse products from inside the Korea: Even in the event Korea enjoys effortlessly modernized their savings, it lags much at the rear of other OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and you can Invention) places regarding intercourse equality ( Bethmann & Rudolf, 2016 ; Rudolf & Kang, 2015 ). Offering new widest sex shell out gap additionally the terrible functioning environment for women one of steeped nations, Korea’s ranks regarding In the world Sex Gap List was into par which have Muslim-bulk regions better-known for its discrimination up against female and you may rated better underneath the stubbornly patriarchal The japanese ( GGGR, 2015 ; PwC, 2017 ; The fresh Economist, 2016 ).
Scholars had been evaluating and you will criticizing the newest overly sexualized, tend to sexist articles, also the propagation out-of lookism during the K-pop and you may discussing their prospective impact on K-pop fans. Relative to this type of talks and accepting having less difficult facts about discussion, that it papers recommends the second hypothesis: When the K-pop in fact encourages sexist basics and objectification of women (because the established in section II), its worldwide triumph could have bad effects toward growth of sex equivalence all over the world. ; and you may dos) What’s the relationships between K-pop music fandom and you can fans’ perceptions toward department from labor between group within and you may outside of the house?
This research primarily results in the present literary works on the pursuing the several ways. Earliest, by using an alternative and you may newly gathered analysis selection of six,317 observations regarding one hundred regions, this study contributes uncommon tough empirical research towards the debate of just how K-pop influences fans’ gender perceptions. Second, the study suggests how sexism, lookism, and you may sexualization will most likely not you need to be silky cultural products, however, could possibly dictate private thinking about how precisely reduced and you will unpaid performs is divided ranging from gents and ladies. not, it has to even be indexed that research cannot desire to measure people causal consequences. Because of the limits of a corner-sectional survey framework, performance have to be interpreted while the correlations instead of causation.
Ergo, the study issues as looked at are listed below: 1) What’s the relationships amongst the standard of K-pop fandom (counted because of the your desire to pay for K-pop sugardaddyforme Zaloguj siД™ points and you may things) and you will individual gender attitudes?
The remainder of this article is arranged as follows. This will supply the conceptual cause for the research theory and you will the fresh new empirical research. Area III brings up the newest survey construction, data put and you will variables, and you can gift ideas detailed analytics of parameters utilized in this study. Point IV gift ideas new empirical methodology utilized for analysis and you will empirical results. Area V ends the article.
Sexism, such sexist perceptions into people, and therefore mainly come from conventional stereotypes from the gender positions, is among the chief culprits one stand in how regarding intercourse equivalence. Prior research has investigated intercourse-part stereotyping into the musical video ( Aubrey & Frisby, 2011 ; Kalof, 1999 ; Kistler & Lee, 2009 ; Seidman, 1992 ) and other mass media models ( Lauzen, Dozier, & Horan, 2008 ; Wood, 1994 ), and discovered one to compared to boys, women can be very likely to getting sexually objectified and stored so you can more strict appearance conditions. Additionally, women can be as well as usually represented in many ways one to emphasizes traditional intercourse roles: males was indeed stronger, dominant, competitive, and you will criminal, when you find yourself girls had been very likely to getting demonstrated given that poor, founded, submissive, and nurturing. Though some K-pop organizations and you may idols frequently problem old-fashioned gender jobs because of its androgynous or homoerotic imageries (like, Emerald regarding f(x), Jo Kwon of 2AM, and you may Lee Hong-gi off F.T. Island) and you may encourage a lot more egalitarian gender attitudes, all popular K-pop music performers, such girl organizations, was indeed conforming on prominent stereotypes.